As your horse ages, their nutritional requirements will change. Whilst every horse’s nutritional requirements will differ, there are a few things to consider when feeding the older horse. Older horses may have a lighter workload, age-related health problems and old injuries. They may also find it more difficult to maintain weight and muscle, and they may also be more susceptible to certain health problems. This guide outlines some things to consider when it comes to feeding the older horse.
Like humans, today’s horses are living longer than their predecessors. Many horses remain in work into their late teens or twenties, and it is not uncommon for horses to live into their thirties. However, a longer lifespan means the care of the older horse has also evolved. Geriatric conditions such as PPID are now more common, and nutrition plays a key role in maintaining a good quality of life for the veteran horse.
Many feed companies now offer products specifically designed for veteran horses and ponies, but it is also useful to understand what exactly it is that your older horse needs.
There are several factors that will influence how you should feed your veteran horse. It is a good idea to consult with your vet who will be able to offer advice based on your horse’s individual needs.
Possibly the biggest causes of weight and condition loss in older horses result from dental and digestive issues. As horses age, they are more likely to have dental issues, including missing or worn teeth and arthritis in the jaw. Dental problems may cause pain or discomfort and could physically make it more difficult for your horse to chew. Regular dental checks are key to keeping your horse’s mouth healthy and spotting any issues early. Furthermore, feed that is easier to chew (e.g., mash) may also be advised.
Older horses also find it harder to process food and absorb nutrients. This can increase the risk of colic, but it may also mean your veteran horse doesn’t get the nutrients they need. Balanced nutrition is especially important for older horses that may require additional support for their vital organs. Certain conditions such as anaemia or liver insufficiency, which are common in the older horse may be identified by a blood test. In these cases your vet is likely to recommend the supplementation of particular vitamins and minerals. It is important to know that not all supplements are harmless, particularly in the older horse, for example supplements containing iron can be very toxic to horses with compromised liver function.
It is very common to see horses and ponies continuing to work well into their twenties. Generally speaking, it is beneficial to the horse for it to remain in an appropriate level of work as it ages. Of course, the type and amount of work undertaken by a veteran horse needs to take into account any age-related health conditions. For example, older horses are more likely to suffer with. These conditions should be monitored and treated where appropriate, and the horse’s workload adapted to ensure the horse remains comfortable.
Feeding to support joint health and maintain muscle mass can help the older horse stay in work for longer. This in turn can allows them to benefit from the regular exercise. However, it is also important to consider how your horse’s nutritional needs may change as their workload reduces.
Horses that are “good doers” may put on weight as their workload reduces. This brings with it the risks associated with obesity. On the other end of the scale, some older horses will quickly lose muscle mass and condition when they retire. This can make it more difficult for them to keep warm and mobile. We can recommend excellent joint and muscle supplements that may be of benefit to your older horse.
You should aim to keep your veteran horse at a healthy weight all year round. Using a weigh tape and body condition scoring regularly will help you to monitor their condition. Talk to your vet about your horse’s body condition at their health check/dental examination/vaccination appointment.
Older horses (particularly those over 20) are susceptible to PPID (pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction). One of the effects of PPID is an increased susceptibility to laminitis. Horses with PPID require careful management, which includes designing and maintaining a suitable diet for them.
A low starch, low sugar diet is important in helping to prevent laminitis. Feeds containing molasses and cereals will be higher in sugar. Furthermore, grass intake should also be managed. Grass is especially high in sugar during the spring and also after a frost, so you may need to adapt your horse’s turnout accordingly.
Dehydration is dangerous for all horses and ponies, but the risks increase as the horse ages. Dehydration can lead to impaction colic, as the body is unable to process food properly. It can also impact the functioning of the horse’s vital organs.
Dehydration can be a problem both in the summer and the winter. During the hotter months, horses can lose water through sweating. In the winter, it can be difficult to get horses to drink enough water, so adding some to their feed can help increase water intake.
Adding water to the feed can also make it easier for the older horse to chew and digest. This makes it easier for the body to absorb the nutrients and reduces the risk of impaction colic.
Feeding the older horse or pony requires an understanding of their workload, body condition, breed / type and any underlying health conditions. The best diet for your veteran will depend on their individual circumstances, so it is always wise to consult with your vet. With proper management and a suitable diet, many veteran horses can maintain an excellent quality of life. Whether your veteran is still competing, in light work or fully retired, our experienced and dedicated equine vets can support you in caring for them in their later years. Register your horse, pony, donkey or mule with our independent equine vet practice today.
